python 在多用户环境安装依赖

报错

DANGER

如下， 意思是外部管理的环境，如果直接安装依赖库可能会破坏您的 Python 安装或操作系统的稳定性。

error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.

    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.

    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.

    See /usr/share/doc/python3.11/README.venv for more information.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

方案

一种解决方案是创建一个虚拟环境来安装和管理项目的依赖关系。

• 使用以下命令创建虚拟环境：

python3 -m venv myenv

• 激活虚拟环境并安装依赖包：

source myenv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt

• 停用虚拟环境

deactivate

• 移除虚拟环境

rm -r myenv

• 虚拟环境中添加环境变量

  虚拟环境的 bin/activate 脚本中设置环境变量：您可以编辑虚拟环境的 bin/activate 脚本，在其中添加设置环境变量的代码。例如，在脚本中添加以下行：

export VAR_NAME=value